![]() ![]() There may also be a limited number of ‘active sites’ for catalysis. However, the mechanism of the binding, catalytic steps and product release may be multifarious or difficult to resolve when using such an extended material. Heterogeneous catalysis using the surfaces of metals or ionic platform materials is a well-researched area of chemistry with many industrial uses. By contrast to the solution phase, studies on the synthesis of, and catalysis using, organometallic complexes in the solid phase have attracted significantly less attention, even though there are potential benefits to this approach, such as: improved selectivities in synthesis that comes from spatially confined environments, improved isolated yields of products and the attenuation of decomposition pathways allowing for products that might be kinetically unstable in solution to be observed in the solid state. The majority of discoveries in the area have been performed in the solution phase, with studies in the solid state generally often reserved only for structural analysis for example, single-crystal X-ray crystallography and, to a significantly lesser extent, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For example, organometallic complexes are commonly used as catalysts for the production of commodity chemicals, materials such as polymers, and in fine chemical synthesis and medicinal chemistry discovery. ![]() Organometallic chemistry, rigorously defined by the chemical synthesis and reactivity of molecules with metal–carbon bonds, is a vibrant area of research with a large variety of practical applications. ![]()
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